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a person's head after killing the person. Headhunting was practised in historic times in parts of Oceania, South and Southeast Asia, West and Central Africa, and Mesoamerica, as well as among certain tribes of the Celts, the West Germanic tribes, and Scythians of ancient Europe. It occurred in Europe until the 19th century in Montenegro, Croatia, and western parts of Herzegovina, and to the end of the Middle Ages in Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish border regions. As a practice, headhunting has been the subject of intense discussion within the anthropological community as to its possible social roles, functions, and motivations. Themes that arise in anthropological writings about headhunting include mortification of the rival, ritual violence, cosmological balance, the display of manhood, cannibalism, prestige, and as a means of securing the services of the victim as a slave in the afterlife. Today's scholars generally agree that its primary function was ceremonial and that it was part of the process of structuring, reinforcing, and defending hierarchical relationships between communities and individuals.[citation needed] Some experts theorize that the practice stemmed from the belief that the head contained "soul matter" or life force, which could be harnessed through its capture. THE IFUGAO TRIBE, FROM THE PHILIPPINES, PLACE HEAD HUNTED HUMAN TROPHY SKULLS OUTSIDE OF THEIR HUTS, AS WELL AS, MOUNT THEM OVER THEIR HEARTHS INSIDE OF THEIR HOMES. THE DAYAK, IFUGAO, AND NAGA HUMAN SKULLS ARE HEAD HUNTING TROPHIES. THE ASMAT "ANCESTOR" SKULLS. THE DIFFERENCE IS; HEAD HUNTED SKULLS ARE ACQUIRED FROM ENEMY ANCESTOR SKULLS ARE COLLECTED AND VENERATED TO REMEMBER DECEASED FAMILY MEMBERS. THE IFUGAO COLLECT BONES OF DEAD RELATIVES; WRAP THEM IN TRIBAL TEXTILES, AND STORE THEM IN THE RAFTERS UNDER THEIR HUTS. HUMAN SKULLS AND SKULL CAPS FROM NEPAL ARE RITUAL OFFERTORY VESSELS THAT ARE USED AS DRINKING CUPS IN TIBETAN BUDDHIST CEREMONIES. |
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